diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/annotation-layer.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/annotation-layer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2958b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/annotation-layer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Annotation layer for rendering highlights and notes on PDFs
+// Procedural style: Functions, not classes
+
+interface PDFHighlight {
+  id: string;
+  pageNumber: number;
+  rects: DOMRect[];
+  text: string;
+  color: string;
+  noteId?: string;
+}
+
+const highlights = new Map<string, HTMLElement>();
+
+export function renderPDFHighlights(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  highlightList: PDFHighlight[],
+): void {
+  // Clear existing highlights
+  clearPDFHighlights(container);
+
+  for (const highlight of highlightList) {
+    renderSinglePDFHighlight(container, highlight);
+  }
+}
+
+function renderSinglePDFHighlight(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  highlight: PDFHighlight,
+): void {
+  const overlay = document.createElement("div");
+  overlay.className = "pdf-highlight-annotation";
+  overlay.dataset.highlightId = highlight.id;
+  overlay.style.backgroundColor = parseColor(highlight.color);
+
+  // Position highlight rectangles
+  for (const rect of highlight.rects) {
+    const rectDiv = document.createElement("div");
+    rectDiv.className = "pdf-highlight-rect";
+    rectDiv.style.left = `${rect.left}px`;
+    rectDiv.style.top = `${rect.top}px`;
+    rectDiv.style.width = `${rect.width}px`;
+    rectDiv.style.height = `${rect.height}px`;
+
+    overlay.appendChild(rectDiv);
+  }
+
+  // Add click handler for note popup
+  if (highlight.noteId) {
+    overlay.style.cursor = "pointer";
+    overlay.addEventListener("click", () => {
+      showNotePopup(highlight);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Add hover effect
+  overlay.addEventListener("mouseenter", () => {
+    overlay.style.opacity = "0.8";
+  });
+
+  overlay.addEventListener("mouseleave", () => {
+    overlay.style.opacity = "0.5";
+  });
+
+  container.appendChild(overlay);
+  highlights.set(highlight.id, overlay);
+}
+
+function parseColor(color: string): string {
+  if (color.startsWith("#")) {
+    const hex = color.slice(1);
+    const r = parseInt(hex.slice(0, 2), 16);
+    const g = parseInt(hex.slice(2, 4), 16);
+    const b = parseInt(hex.slice(4, 6), 16);
+    return `rgba(${r}, ${g}, ${b}, 0.4)`;
+  }
+
+  return color;
+}
+
+function showNotePopup(highlight: PDFHighlight): void {
+  console.log("Show note for highlight:", highlight.id);
+}
+
+export function clearPDFHighlights(container: HTMLElement): void {
+  highlights.forEach((element) => element.remove());
+  highlights.clear();
+}
+
+export function removePDFHighlight(highlightId: string): void {
+  const element = highlights.get(highlightId);
+  if (element) {
+    element.remove();
+    highlights.delete(highlightId);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/page-cache.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/page-cache.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d64e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/page-cache.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// 5-page ahead cache for PDF pages
+// Pre-renders canvas and text layer for nearby pages
+
+import { PDFPageProxy, PageViewport } from "pdfjs-dist";
+
+interface CachedPage {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  textLayer: HTMLElement;
+  viewport: PageViewport;
+  timestamp: number;
+}
+
+// 5-page ahead cache for PDF pages
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface CachedPage {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+  textLayer: HTMLElement;
+  viewport: PageViewport;
+  timestamp: number;
+}
+
+interface PDFPageCacheState {
+  cache: Map<number, CachedPage>;
+  maxCacheSize: number;
+  renderCallbacks: Map<number, Array<() => void>>;
+}
+
+function createPDFPageCache(maxCacheSize: number = 5): PDFPageCacheState {
+  return {
+    cache: new Map(),
+    maxCacheSize,
+    renderCallbacks: new Map(),
+  };
+}
+
+async function getCachedPage(
+  state: PDFPageCacheState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+  renderFn: (
+    pageNumber: number,
+  ) => Promise<{
+    canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
+    textLayer: HTMLElement;
+    viewport: PageViewport;
+  }>,
+): Promise<PDFPageCacheState & { page: CachedPage }> {
+  const cached = state.cache.get(pageNumber);
+  if (cached) {
+    cached.timestamp = Date.now();
+    return { ...state, page: cached };
+  }
+
+  const { canvas, textLayer, viewport } = await renderFn(pageNumber);
+
+  const cachedPage: CachedPage = {
+    pageNumber,
+    canvas,
+    textLayer,
+    viewport,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  };
+
+  const newCache = new Map(state.cache);
+  newCache.set(pageNumber, cachedPage);
+
+  const callbacks = state.renderCallbacks.get(pageNumber);
+  if (callbacks) {
+    callbacks.forEach((cb) => cb());
+    const newCallbacks = new Map(state.renderCallbacks);
+    newCallbacks.delete(pageNumber);
+    return {
+      ...state,
+      cache: newCache,
+      renderCallbacks: newCallbacks,
+      page: cachedPage,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return { ...state, cache: newCache, page: cachedPage };
+}
+
+function preloadPages(
+  state: PDFPageCacheState,
+  currentPage: number,
+  totalPages: number,
+): PDFPageCacheState {
+  for (let i = 1; i <= state.maxCacheSize; i++) {
+    const pageNumber = currentPage + i;
+    if (pageNumber <= totalPages && !state.cache.has(pageNumber)) {
+      triggerPreload(pageNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return state;
+}
+
+function triggerPreload(pageNumber: number): void {
+  console.log("Preloading page:", pageNumber);
+}
+
+function invalidatePage(
+  state: PDFPageCacheState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): PDFPageCacheState {
+  const cached = state.cache.get(pageNumber);
+  if (cached) {
+    cached.canvas.remove();
+    cached.textLayer.remove();
+
+    const newCache = new Map(state.cache);
+    newCache.delete(pageNumber);
+
+    return { ...state, cache: newCache };
+  }
+
+  return state;
+}
+
+function clearPageCache(state: PDFPageCacheState): PDFPageCacheState {
+  state.cache.forEach((page) => {
+    page.canvas.remove();
+    page.textLayer.remove();
+  });
+
+  return {
+    ...state,
+    cache: new Map(),
+  };
+}
+
+function onPageRendered(
+  state: PDFPageCacheState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+  callback: () => void,
+): PDFPageCacheState {
+  const newCallbacks = new Map(state.renderCallbacks);
+
+  if (!newCallbacks.has(pageNumber)) {
+    newCallbacks.set(pageNumber, []);
+  }
+
+  newCallbacks.get(pageNumber)!.push(callback);
+
+  return { ...state, renderCallbacks: newCallbacks };
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-bookmarks.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-bookmarks.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..629811d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-bookmarks.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Custom bookmarks for PDF pages (saved in database)
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface MediaBookmark {
+  id: string;
+  mediaItemId: string;
+  userId: string;
+  pageNumber: number;
+  title: string;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
+
+interface MediaBookmarksState {
+  mediaItemId: string;
+  bookmarks: MediaBookmark[];
+}
+
+function createMediaBookmarks(mediaItemId: string): MediaBookmarksState {
+  return {
+    mediaItemId,
+    bookmarks: [],
+  };
+}
+
+async function loadMediaBookmarks(
+  state: MediaBookmarksState,
+): Promise<MediaBookmarksState> {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(
+      `/api/media-items/${state.mediaItemId}/bookmarks`,
+    );
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error("Failed to load bookmarks");
+
+    const data = await response.json();
+    return { ...state, bookmarks: data.bookmarks || [] };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to load bookmarks:", error);
+    return { ...state, bookmarks: [] };
+  }
+}
+
+async function addMediaBookmark(
+  state: MediaBookmarksState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+  title?: string,
+): Promise<MediaBookmarksState & { bookmark: MediaBookmark }> {
+  const bookmark: MediaBookmark = {
+    id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+    mediaItemId: state.mediaItemId,
+    userId: "",
+    pageNumber,
+    title: title || `Page ${pageNumber}`,
+    createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  };
+
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(
+      `/api/media-items/${state.mediaItemId}/bookmarks`,
+      {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          page_number: pageNumber,
+          title: bookmark.title,
+          position: `pdf:page:${pageNumber}`,
+        }),
+      },
+    );
+
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error("Failed to create bookmark");
+
+    const created = await response.json();
+
+    return {
+      ...state,
+      bookmarks: [...state.bookmarks, created],
+      bookmark: created,
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to add bookmark:", error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function removeMediaBookmark(
+  state: MediaBookmarksState,
+  bookmarkId: string,
+): Promise<MediaBookmarksState> {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(
+      `/api/media-items/${state.mediaItemId}/bookmarks/${bookmarkId}`,
+      {
+        method: "DELETE",
+      },
+    );
+
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error("Failed to remove bookmark");
+
+    return {
+      ...state,
+      bookmarks: state.bookmarks.filter((b) => b.id !== bookmarkId),
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to remove bookmark:", error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+function getMediaBookmarks(state: MediaBookmarksState): MediaBookmark[] {
+  return [...state.bookmarks].sort((a, b) => a.pageNumber - b.pageNumber);
+}
+
+function hasMediaBookmarkAt(
+  state: MediaBookmarksState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): boolean {
+  return state.bookmarks.some((b) => b.pageNumber === pageNumber);
+}
+
+function getMediaBookmarkAt(
+  state: MediaBookmarksState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): MediaBookmark | null {
+  return state.bookmarks.find((b) => b.pageNumber === pageNumber) || null;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-clipbooard.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-clipbooard.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70fd1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-clipbooard.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copy selected text to clipboard (plain text, preserve line breaks)
+// Critical for technical textbooks with code examples
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+function setupPDFClipboard(container: HTMLElement): void {
+  container.addEventListener("copy", (e) => {
+    handlePDFCopy(e);
+  });
+}
+
+function handlePDFCopy(event: ClipboardEvent): void {
+  const selection = window.getSelection();
+  if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return;
+
+  const selectedText = selection.toString();
+
+  if (!selectedText) return;
+
+  const plainText = formatPDFPlainText(selectedText);
+
+  event.clipboardData?.setData("text/plain", plainText);
+
+  event.preventDefault();
+
+  showPDFCopyFeedback();
+}
+
+function formatPDFPlainText(text: string): string {
+  let formatted = text;
+
+  formatted = formatted.replace(/[ \t]+/g, " ");
+
+  formatted = formatted
+    .split("\n")
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .join("\n");
+
+  formatted = formatted.replace(/\n{3,}/g, "\n\n");
+
+  return formatted;
+}
+
+async function copyPDFText(text: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  const formatted = formatPDFPlainText(text);
+
+  try {
+    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(formatted);
+    showPDFCopyFeedback();
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to copy text:", error);
+
+    const textarea = document.createElement("textarea");
+    textarea.value = formatted;
+    textarea.style.position = "fixed";
+    textarea.style.opacity = "0";
+    document.body.appendChild(textarea);
+    textarea.select();
+
+    try {
+      const success = document.execCommand("copy");
+      if (success) {
+        showPDFCopyFeedback();
+      }
+      return success;
+    } catch (fallbackError) {
+      console.error("Fallback copy failed:", fallbackError);
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      document.body.removeChild(textarea);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function showPDFCopyFeedback(): void {
+  const toast = document.createElement("div");
+  toast.className = "pdf-copy-toast";
+  toast.textContent = "Copied to clipboard";
+  toast.style.cssText = `
+    position: fixed;
+    bottom: 20px;
+    right: 20px;
+    background: var(--accent);
+    color: white;
+    padding: 8px 16px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    font-size: 14px;
+    z-index: 10000;
+    animation: fadeIn 0.2s ease-out;
+  `;
+
+  document.body.appendChild(toast);
+
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    toast.style.animation = "fadeOut 0.2s ease-out";
+    setTimeout(() => toast.remove(), 200);
+  }, 1500);
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-dual-page.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-dual-page.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d8af1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-dual-page.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Dual page spread view for PDFs
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+type DualPageMode = "single" | "dual";
+
+interface PDFDualPageViewState {
+  currentMode: DualPageMode;
+  minViewportWidth: number;
+}
+
+function createPDFDualPageView(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  onModeChange: (mode: DualPageMode) => void,
+): PDFDualPageViewState {
+  const state: PDFDualPageViewState = {
+    currentMode: "single",
+    minViewportWidth: 1200,
+  };
+
+  setupResponsiveDualPageToggle(container, state, onModeChange);
+
+  return state;
+}
+
+function setupResponsiveDualPageToggle(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  state: PDFDualPageViewState,
+  onModeChange: (mode: DualPageMode) => void,
+): void {
+  const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(() => {
+    handleDualPageResize(container, state, onModeChange);
+  });
+
+  resizeObserver.observe(container);
+}
+
+function handleDualPageResize(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  state: PDFDualPageViewState,
+  onModeChange: (mode: DualPageMode) => void,
+): PDFDualPageViewState {
+  const viewportWidth = window.innerWidth;
+
+  if (
+    viewportWidth >= state.minViewportWidth &&
+    state.currentMode === "single"
+  ) {
+    if (!hasManualDualPageOverride()) {
+      return setDualPageMode(container, state, "dual", false, onModeChange);
+    }
+  } else if (
+    viewportWidth < state.minViewportWidth &&
+    state.currentMode === "dual"
+  ) {
+    return setDualPageMode(container, state, "single", false, onModeChange);
+  }
+
+  return state;
+}
+
+function setDualPageMode(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  state: PDFDualPageViewState,
+  mode: DualPageMode,
+  manual: boolean,
+  onModeChange: (mode: DualPageMode) => void,
+): PDFDualPageViewState {
+  if (state.currentMode === mode) return state;
+
+  container.classList.remove("pdf-single-page", "pdf-dual-page");
+  container.classList.add(
+    mode === "dual" ? "pdf-dual-page" : "pdf-single-page",
+  );
+
+  if (manual) {
+    setManualDualPageOverride(mode);
+  }
+
+  onModeChange(mode);
+
+  return { ...state, currentMode: mode };
+}
+
+function toggleDualPageMode(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  state: PDFDualPageViewState,
+  onModeChange: (mode: DualPageMode) => void,
+): PDFDualPageViewState {
+  const newMode = state.currentMode === "single" ? "dual" : "single";
+  return setDualPageMode(container, state, newMode, true, onModeChange);
+}
+
+function getDualPagePagePair(
+  state: PDFDualPageViewState,
+  currentPage: number,
+  totalPages: number,
+): { left?: number; right: number } {
+  if (state.currentMode === "single") {
+    return { right: currentPage };
+  }
+
+  if (currentPage % 2 === 1) {
+    return {
+      left: currentPage > 1 ? currentPage - 1 : undefined,
+      right: currentPage,
+    };
+  } else {
+    return {
+      left: currentPage,
+      right: currentPage < totalPages ? currentPage + 1 : currentPage,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+function hasManualDualPageOverride(): boolean {
+  return localStorage.getItem("pdf-dual-page-manual") === "true";
+}
+
+function setManualDualPageOverride(mode: DualPageMode): void {
+  localStorage.setItem("pdf-dual-page-manual", "true");
+  localStorage.setItem("pdf-dual-page-mode", mode);
+}
+
+function getDualPageStyles(): string {
+  return `
+    .pdf-dual-page .pdf-page-container {
+      display: inline-block;
+      vertical-align: top;
+      width: 50%;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-dual-page .pdf-scroll-container {
+      display: flex;
+      flex-wrap: wrap;
+      justify-content: center;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-single-page .pdf-page-container {
+      display: block;
+      width: 100%;
+    }
+  `;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-links.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-links.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9099eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-links.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Handle internal PDF links (cross-references, citations, TOC links)
+// External links open in new tab
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface PDFLink {
+  url: string;
+  pageNumber?: number;
+  bounds: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number };
+}
+
+interface PDFLinkHandlerState {
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy | null;
+  container: HTMLElement;
+  onPageNavigate: (pageNumber: number) => void;
+}
+
+async function initializePDFLinkHandler(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  onPageNavigate: (pageNumber: number) => void,
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy,
+): Promise<PDFLinkHandlerState> {
+  const state: PDFLinkHandlerState = {
+    doc,
+    container,
+    onPageNavigate,
+  };
+
+  await setupPDFLinks(state);
+
+  return state;
+}
+
+async function setupPDFLinks(state: PDFLinkHandlerState): Promise<void> {
+  if (!state.doc) return;
+
+  for (let pageNum = 1; pageNum <= state.doc.numPages; pageNum++) {
+    const page = await state.doc.getPage(pageNum);
+    const annotations = await page.getAnnotations();
+
+    for (const annotation of annotations) {
+      if (annotation.subtype === "Link") {
+        createPDFLinkElement(state, annotation, pageNum);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function createPDFLinkElement(
+  state: PDFLinkHandlerState,
+  annotation: any,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): void {
+  const pageElement = state.container.querySelector(
+    `[data-page-number="${pageNumber}"]`,
+  );
+  if (!pageElement) return;
+
+  const link = document.createElement("a");
+  link.className = "pdf-internal-link";
+  link.href = "javascript:void(0)";
+
+  if (annotation.rect) {
+    const rect = annotation.rect;
+    link.style.position = "absolute";
+    link.style.left = `${rect[0]}px`;
+    link.style.top = `${rect[1]}px`;
+    link.style.width = `${rect[2] - rect[0]}px`;
+    link.style.height = `${rect[3] - rect[1]}px`;
+    link.style.cursor = "pointer";
+  }
+
+  link.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    handlePDFLinkClick(state, annotation);
+  });
+
+  pageElement.appendChild(link);
+}
+
+async function handlePDFLinkClick(
+  state: PDFLinkHandlerState,
+  annotation: any,
+): Promise<void> {
+  if (!state.doc) return;
+
+  if (annotation.url) {
+    if (
+      annotation.url.startsWith("http://") ||
+      annotation.url.startsWith("https://")
+    ) {
+      window.open(annotation.url, "_blank", "noopener,noreferrer");
+    } else {
+      console.warn("Unhandled URL:", annotation.url);
+    }
+  } else if (annotation.dest) {
+    const pageNumber = await resolvePDFLinkDestination(state, annotation.dest);
+    state.onPageNavigate(pageNumber);
+  }
+}
+
+async function resolvePDFLinkDestination(
+  state: PDFLinkHandlerState,
+  dest: string | any[],
+): Promise<number> {
+  if (!state.doc) return 1;
+
+  try {
+    let explicitDest: any[];
+
+    if (typeof dest === "string") {
+      const destObj = await state.doc.getDestination(dest);
+      if (!destObj) return 1;
+      explicitDest = destObj;
+    } else {
+      explicitDest = dest;
+    }
+
+    const ref = explicitDest[0];
+
+    if (typeof ref === "object" && ref !== null) {
+      const pageIndex = await state.doc.getPageIndex(ref);
+      return pageIndex + 1;
+    } else if (typeof ref === "number") {
+      return ref + 1;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to resolve link destination:", error);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-minimap.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-minimap.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bbcc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-minimap.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Mini-map navigation for PDF pages
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface PDFMiniMapState {
+  miniMap: HTMLElement;
+  currentPage: number;
+  totalPages: number;
+  thumbnails: Map<number, HTMLCanvasElement>;
+  onPageNavigate: (pageNumber: number) => void;
+}
+
+function createPDFMiniMap(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  onPageNavigate: (pageNumber: number) => void,
+): PDFMiniMapState {
+  const miniMap = createMiniMapElement(container);
+  container.appendChild(miniMap);
+
+  return {
+    miniMap,
+    currentPage: 1,
+    totalPages: 0,
+    thumbnails: new Map(),
+    onPageNavigate,
+  };
+}
+
+function createMiniMapElement(container: HTMLElement): HTMLElement {
+  const miniMap = document.createElement("div");
+  miniMap.className = "pdf-minimap";
+  miniMap.innerHTML = `
+    <div class="pdf-minimap-header">Pages</div>
+    <div class="pdf-minimap-thumbnails"></div>
+    <div class="pdf-minimap-indicator"></div>
+  `;
+
+  const style = document.createElement("style");
+  style.textContent = getMiniMapStyles();
+  miniMap.appendChild(style);
+
+  return miniMap;
+}
+
+async function initializePDFMiniMap(
+  state: PDFMiniMapState,
+  totalPages: number,
+  renderThumbnail: (page: number) => Promise<HTMLCanvasElement>,
+): Promise<PDFMiniMapState> {
+  const newState = { ...state, totalPages };
+
+  await generateMiniMapThumbnails(newState, renderThumbnail);
+  setupMiniMapEventListeners(newState);
+
+  return newState;
+}
+
+async function generateMiniMapThumbnails(
+  state: PDFMiniMapState,
+  renderThumbnail: (page: number) => Promise<HTMLCanvasElement>,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const container = state.miniMap.querySelector(
+    ".pdf-minimap-thumbnails",
+  ) as HTMLElement;
+  container.innerHTML = "";
+
+  for (let page = 1; page <= state.totalPages; page++) {
+    try {
+      const thumbnail = await renderThumbnail(page);
+      thumbnail.className = "pdf-minimap-thumbnail";
+      thumbnail.dataset.pageNumber = page.toString();
+      thumbnail.style.width = "80px";
+      thumbnail.style.height = "auto";
+      thumbnail.style.cursor = "pointer";
+      thumbnail.style.marginBottom = "4px";
+
+      container.appendChild(thumbnail);
+      state.thumbnails.set(page, thumbnail);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(`Failed to generate thumbnail for page ${page}:`, error);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function setupMiniMapEventListeners(state: PDFMiniMapState): void {
+  const container = state.miniMap.querySelector(".pdf-minimap-thumbnails");
+
+  container?.addEventListener("click", (e) => {
+    const thumbnail = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest(
+      ".pdf-minimap-thumbnail",
+    ) as HTMLElement;
+    if (thumbnail) {
+      const pageNumber = parseInt(thumbnail.dataset.pageNumber || "1");
+      state.onPageNavigate(pageNumber);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function updateMiniMapCurrentPage(
+  state: PDFMiniMapState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): PDFMiniMapState {
+  const indicator = state.miniMap.querySelector(
+    ".pdf-minimap-indicator",
+  ) as HTMLElement;
+  const thumbnail = state.thumbnails.get(pageNumber);
+
+  if (thumbnail && indicator) {
+    const rect = thumbnail.getBoundingClientRect();
+    indicator.style.top = `${thumbnail.offsetTop}px`;
+    indicator.style.height = `${rect.height}px`;
+  }
+
+  state.thumbnails.forEach((thumb, page) => {
+    if (page === pageNumber) {
+      thumb.style.outline = "2px solid var(--accent)";
+      thumb.style.opacity = "1";
+    } else {
+      thumb.style.outline = "none";
+      thumb.style.opacity = "0.7";
+    }
+  });
+
+  return { ...state, currentPage: pageNumber };
+}
+
+function showMiniMap(state: PDFMiniMapState): void {
+  state.miniMap.style.display = "block";
+}
+
+function hideMiniMap(state: PDFMiniMapState): void {
+  state.miniMap.style.display = "none";
+}
+
+function toggleMiniMap(state: PDFMiniMapState): void {
+  const isVisible = state.miniMap.style.display !== "none";
+  state.miniMap.style.display = isVisible ? "none" : "block";
+}
+
+function getMiniMapStyles(): string {
+  return `
+    .pdf-minimap {
+      position: fixed;
+      right: 20px;
+      top: 50%;
+      transform: translateY(-50%);
+      width: 100px;
+      max-height: 80vh;
+      background: var(--bg-primary);
+      border: 1px solid var(--text-secondary);
+      border-radius: 8px;
+      padding: 8px;
+      overflow-y: auto;
+      z-index: 1000;
+      box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+    }
+
+    .pdf-minimap-header {
+      font-size: 12px;
+      font-weight: bold;
+      text-align: center;
+      margin-bottom: 8px;
+      color: var(--text-primary);
+    }
+
+    .pdf-minimap-thumbnails {
+      display: flex;
+      flex-direction: column;
+      align-items: center;
+      gap: 4px;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-minimap-thumbnail {
+      transition: outline 0.2s, opacity 0.2s;
+      border-radius: 2px;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-minimap-thumbnail:hover {
+      opacity: 1 !important;
+      outline: 1px solid var(--text-secondary) !important;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-minimap-indicator {
+      position: absolute;
+      left: 0;
+      right: 0;
+      border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
+      pointer-events: none;
+      transition: top 0.3s ease-out;
+    }
+  `;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-navigation.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-navigation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea2e5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-navigation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// PDF navigation: page turning, zoom, fit modes
+// Procedural style: Functions, not classes
+
+type PageFitMode = "fit-width" | "fit-page" | "fit-height" | "none";
+
+interface PDFNavigationState {
+  currentPage: number;
+  totalPages: number;
+  currentScale: number;
+  fitMode: PageFitMode;
+  scrollContainer: HTMLElement | null;
+}
+
+let navState: PDFNavigationState = {
+  currentPage: 1,
+  totalPages: 0,
+  currentScale: 1.0,
+  fitMode: "fit-width",
+  scrollContainer: null,
+};
+
+// ============================================================
+// Initialization
+// ============================================================
+
+export function initializePDFNavigation(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  onPageChange: (pageNumber: number) => void,
+  onZoomChange: (scale: number) => void,
+): void {
+  navState.scrollContainer =
+    container.querySelector(".pdf-scroll-container") || container;
+  setupPDFKeyboardNav(onPageChange);
+  setupPDFScrollTracking(onPageChange);
+}
+
+export function setPDFTotalPages(totalPages: number): void {
+  navState.totalPages = totalPages;
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Page Navigation
+// ============================================================
+
+export function goToPDFPage(pageNumber: number): void {
+  if (pageNumber < 1 || pageNumber > navState.totalPages) return;
+
+  navState.currentPage = pageNumber;
+
+  const callback = (window as any).pdfOnPageChange;
+  if (callback) callback(pageNumber);
+
+  scrollToPDFPage(pageNumber);
+}
+
+export function nextPDFPage(): void {
+  if (navState.currentPage < navState.totalPages) {
+    goToPDFPage(navState.currentPage + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+export function previousPDFPage(): void {
+  if (navState.currentPage > 1) {
+    goToPDFPage(navState.currentPage - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+function scrollToPDFPage(pageNumber: number): void {
+  if (!navState.scrollContainer) return;
+
+  const pageElement = navState.scrollContainer.querySelector(
+    `[data-page-number="${pageNumber}"]`,
+  );
+  if (pageElement) {
+    pageElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth", block: "start" });
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Zoom Controls
+// ============================================================
+
+export function setPDFZoom(scale: number): void {
+  navState.currentScale = scale;
+  navState.fitMode = "none";
+
+  const callback = (window as any).pdfOnZoomChange;
+  if (callback) callback(scale);
+
+  updatePDFZoom();
+}
+
+export function setPDFFitMode(mode: PageFitMode): void {
+  navState.fitMode = mode;
+  updatePDFZoom();
+}
+
+export function zoomPDFIn(): void {
+  setPDFZoom(navState.currentScale * 1.2);
+}
+
+export function zoomPDFOut(): void {
+  setPDFZoom(navState.currentScale / 1.2);
+}
+
+function updatePDFZoom(): void {
+  if (!navState.scrollContainer) return;
+
+  const pages = navState.scrollContainer.querySelectorAll(
+    ".pdf-page-container",
+  );
+  pages.forEach((page: Element) => {
+    (page as HTMLElement).style.transform = `scale(${navState.currentScale})`;
+    (page as HTMLElement).style.transformOrigin = "top center";
+  });
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Keyboard Navigation
+// ============================================================
+
+function setupPDFKeyboardNav(onPageChange: (pageNumber: number) => void): void {
+  document.addEventListener("keydown", handlePDFKeyDown);
+}
+
+function handlePDFKeyDown(e: KeyboardEvent): void {
+  switch (e.key) {
+    case "ArrowRight":
+    case "ArrowDown":
+      e.preventDefault();
+      nextPDFPage();
+      break;
+    case "ArrowLeft":
+    case "ArrowUp":
+      e.preventDefault();
+      previousPDFPage();
+      break;
+    case "Home":
+      e.preventDefault();
+      goToPDFPage(1);
+      break;
+    case "End":
+      e.preventDefault();
+      goToPDFPage(navState.totalPages);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Scroll Tracking
+// ============================================================
+
+function setupPDFScrollTracking(
+  onPageChange: (pageNumber: number) => void,
+): void {
+  if (!navState.scrollContainer) return;
+
+  let scrollTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout;
+
+  navState.scrollContainer.addEventListener("scroll", () => {
+    clearTimeout(scrollTimeout);
+
+    scrollTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+      updateCurrentPageFromScroll(onPageChange);
+    }, 100);
+  });
+}
+
+function updateCurrentPageFromScroll(
+  onPageChange: (pageNumber: number) => void,
+): void {
+  if (!navState.scrollContainer) return;
+
+  const scrollTop = navState.scrollContainer.scrollTop;
+  const containerHeight = navState.scrollContainer.clientHeight;
+
+  const pages = navState.scrollContainer.querySelectorAll("[data-page-number]");
+  let maxVisibility = 0;
+  let mostVisiblePage = navState.currentPage;
+
+  pages.forEach((page) => {
+    const element = page as HTMLElement;
+    const pageTop = element.offsetTop;
+    const pageBottom = pageTop + element.offsetHeight;
+
+    const visibleTop = Math.max(scrollTop, pageTop);
+    const visibleBottom = Math.min(scrollTop + containerHeight, pageBottom);
+    const visibleHeight = Math.max(0, visibleBottom - visibleTop);
+
+    if (visibleHeight > maxVisibility) {
+      maxVisibility = visibleHeight;
+      mostVisiblePage = parseInt(element.dataset.pageNumber || "1");
+    }
+  });
+
+  if (mostVisiblePage !== navState.currentPage) {
+    navState.currentPage = mostVisiblePage;
+    onPageChange(mostVisiblePage);
+  }
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Getters
+// ============================================================
+
+export function getCurrentPDFPage(): number {
+  return navState.currentPage;
+}
+
+export function getTotalPDFPages(): number {
+  return navState.totalPages;
+}
+
+export function getPDFScale(): number {
+  return navState.currentScale;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-outline.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-outline.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90b6f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-outline.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// PDF outline/TOC navigation
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface PDFOutlineNode {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  destination: number | null;
+  pageNumber?: number;
+  children: PDFOutlineNode[];
+  expanded: boolean;
+}
+
+interface PDFOutlineState {
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy | null;
+  outline: PDFOutlineNode[];
+  flatMap: Map<string, number>;
+}
+
+async function initializePDFOutline(
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy,
+): Promise<PDFOutlineState> {
+  const state: PDFOutlineState = {
+    doc,
+    outline: [],
+    flatMap: new Map(),
+  };
+
+  return await loadPDFOutline(state);
+}
+
+async function loadPDFOutline(
+  state: PDFOutlineState,
+): Promise<PDFOutlineState> {
+  if (!state.doc) return state;
+
+  const pdfOutline = await state.doc.getOutline();
+
+  if (!pdfOutline || pdfOutline.length === 0) {
+    return { ...state, outline: [] };
+  }
+
+  const outline = await parseOutlineNodes(state, pdfOutline);
+
+  return { ...state, outline };
+}
+
+async function parseOutlineNodes(
+  state: PDFOutlineState,
+  nodes: OutlineTreeNode[],
+): Promise<PDFOutlineNode[]> {
+  const result: PDFOutlineNode[] = [];
+
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    const outlineNode: PDFOutlineNode = {
+      id: generateOutlineId(),
+      title: node.title,
+      destination: null,
+      children: [],
+      expanded: false,
+    };
+
+    if (node.dest) {
+      const pageNumber = await resolvePDFDestination(state, node.dest);
+      outlineNode.destination = pageNumber;
+      outlineNode.pageNumber = pageNumber;
+      state.flatMap.set(node.title, pageNumber);
+    }
+
+    if (node.items && node.items.length > 0) {
+      outlineNode.children = await parseOutlineNodes(state, node.items);
+    }
+
+    result.push(outlineNode);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+async function resolvePDFDestination(
+  state: PDFOutlineState,
+  dest: string | any[],
+): Promise<number> {
+  if (!state.doc) return 1;
+
+  try {
+    let explicitDest: any[];
+
+    if (typeof dest === "string") {
+      const destObj = await state.doc.getDestination(dest);
+      if (!destObj) return 1;
+      explicitDest = destObj;
+    } else {
+      explicitDest = dest;
+    }
+
+    const ref = explicitDest[0];
+
+    if (typeof ref === "object" && ref !== null) {
+      const pageIndex = await state.doc.getPageIndex(ref);
+      return pageIndex + 1;
+    } else if (typeof ref === "number") {
+      return ref + 1;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Failed to resolve destination:", dest, error);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+function generateOutlineId(): string {
+  return `outline-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
+}
+
+function getOutline(state: PDFOutlineState): PDFOutlineNode[] {
+  return state.outline;
+}
+
+function getOutlineFlatMap(state: PDFOutlineState): Map<string, number> {
+  return state.flatMap;
+}
+
+function getCurrentChapter(
+  state: PDFOutlineState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): PDFOutlineNode | null {
+  return findChapterForPage(state.outline, pageNumber);
+}
+
+function findChapterForPage(
+  nodes: PDFOutlineNode[],
+  pageNumber: number,
+): PDFOutlineNode | null {
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.pageNumber && node.pageNumber <= pageNumber) {
+      if (node.children.length > 0) {
+        const childMatch = findChapterForPage(node.children, pageNumber);
+        if (childMatch) return childMatch;
+      }
+      return node;
+    }
+
+    if (node.children.length > 0) {
+      const childMatch = findChapterForPage(node.children, pageNumber);
+      if (childMatch) return childMatch;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+function toggleOutlineNode(
+  state: PDFOutlineState,
+  nodeId: string,
+): PDFOutlineState {
+  const updateNode = (nodes: PDFOutlineNode[]): PDFOutlineNode[] => {
+    return nodes.map((node) => {
+      if (node.id === nodeId) {
+        return { ...node, expanded: !node.expanded };
+      }
+      if (node.children.length > 0) {
+        return { ...node, children: updateNode(node.children) };
+      }
+      return node;
+    });
+  };
+
+  return { ...state, outline: updateNode(state.outline) };
+}
+
+function findOutlineNode(
+  nodes: PDFOutlineNode[],
+  id: string,
+): PDFOutlineNode | null {
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.id === id) return node;
+    if (node.children.length > 0) {
+      const found = findOutlineNode(node.children, id);
+      if (found) return found;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-page-sizes.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-page-sizes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e29ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-page-sizes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Handle PDFs with variable page sizes
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface PageInfo {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+  rotation: number;
+}
+
+interface PDFPageSizesState {
+  pageSizes: Map<number, PageInfo>;
+  defaultSize: { width: number; height: number };
+}
+
+function createPDFPageSizes(): PDFPageSizesState {
+  return {
+    pageSizes: new Map(),
+    defaultSize: { width: 595, height: 842 },
+  };
+}
+
+async function loadPDFPageSizes(
+  state: PDFPageSizesState,
+  doc: any,
+): Promise<PDFPageSizesState> {
+  const pageSizes = new Map<number, PageInfo>();
+
+  for (let pageNum = 1; pageNum <= doc.numPages; pageNum++) {
+    const page = await doc.getPage(pageNum);
+    const viewport = page.getViewport({ scale: 1 });
+
+    const pageInfo: PageInfo = {
+      pageNumber: pageNum,
+      width: viewport.width,
+      height: viewport.height,
+      rotation: viewport.rotation,
+    };
+
+    pageSizes.set(pageNum, pageInfo);
+  }
+
+  return { ...state, pageSizes };
+}
+
+function getPDFPageSize(
+  state: PDFPageSizesState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): PageInfo | null {
+  return state.pageSizes.get(pageNumber) || null;
+}
+
+function isPDFPageLandscape(
+  state: PDFPageSizesState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): boolean {
+  const size = getPDFPageSize(state, pageNumber);
+  if (!size) return false;
+
+  const effectiveWidth =
+    size.rotation === 90 || size.rotation === 270 ? size.height : size.width;
+  const effectiveHeight =
+    size.rotation === 90 || size.rotation === 270 ? size.width : size.height;
+
+  return effectiveWidth > effectiveHeight;
+}
+
+function getPDFCommonSize(state: PDFPageSizesState): {
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+} {
+  if (state.pageSizes.size === 0) {
+    return state.defaultSize;
+  }
+
+  const sizeGroups: Map<
+    string,
+    { width: number; height: number; count: number }
+  > = new Map();
+
+  state.pageSizes.forEach((size) => {
+    const key = getPageSizeKey(size.width, size.height);
+    const existing = sizeGroups.get(key);
+
+    if (existing) {
+      existing.count++;
+    } else {
+      sizeGroups.set(key, { width: size.width, height: size.height, count: 1 });
+    }
+  });
+
+  let mostCommon = state.defaultSize;
+  let maxCount = 0;
+
+  sizeGroups.forEach((size) => {
+    if (size.count > maxCount) {
+      maxCount = size.count;
+      mostCommon = { width: size.width, height: size.height };
+    }
+  });
+
+  return mostCommon;
+}
+
+function getPageSizeKey(width: number, height: number): string {
+  const w = Math.round(width / 10) * 10;
+  const h = Math.round(height / 10) * 10;
+  return `${w}x${h}`;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-rotation.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-rotation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eaaad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-rotation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Handle rotated/landscape pages in PDFs
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface PDFRotationState {
+  rotations: Map<number, number>;
+}
+
+function createPDFRotation(): PDFRotationState {
+  return {
+    rotations: new Map(),
+  };
+}
+
+async function loadPDFPageRotations(
+  state: PDFRotationState,
+  doc: any,
+): Promise<PDFRotationState> {
+  const rotations = new Map<number, number>();
+
+  for (let pageNum = 1; pageNum <= doc.numPages; pageNum++) {
+    const page = await doc.getPage(pageNum);
+    const viewport = page.getViewport({ scale: 1 });
+    const rotation = viewport.rotation;
+
+    if (rotation !== 0) {
+      rotations.set(pageNum, rotation);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { ...state, rotations };
+}
+
+function getPDFPageRotation(
+  state: PDFRotationState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): number {
+  return state.rotations.get(pageNumber) || 0;
+}
+
+function hasPDFPageRotation(
+  state: PDFRotationState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): boolean {
+  return state.rotations.has(pageNumber);
+}
+
+function applyPDFRotation(
+  state: PDFRotationState,
+  canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): void {
+  const rotation = getPDFPageRotation(state, pageNumber);
+
+  if (rotation === 0) return;
+
+  const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
+  if (!ctx) return;
+
+  ctx.save();
+  ctx.translate(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2);
+  ctx.rotate((rotation * Math.PI) / 180);
+  ctx.translate(-canvas.width / 2, -canvas.height / 2);
+  ctx.restore();
+}
+
+function getPDFAdjustedViewport(
+  state: PDFRotationState,
+  pageNumber: number,
+  viewport: any,
+): any {
+  const rotation = getPDFPageRotation(state, pageNumber);
+
+  if (rotation === 0 || rotation === 180) {
+    return viewport;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ...viewport,
+    width: viewport.height,
+    height: viewport.width,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-search.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-search.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df7dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-search.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Full-text search within PDF documents
+
+import { PDFDocumentProxy } from "pdfjs-dist";
+
+interface SearchResult {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  text: string;
+  index: number;
+  context: string;
+}
+
+// Full-text search within PDF documents
+// Procedural implementation (no OOP)
+
+interface SearchResult {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  text: string;
+  index: number;
+  context: string;
+}
+
+interface PDFSearchState {
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy | null;
+  searchResults: SearchResult[];
+  currentResultIndex: number;
+}
+
+async function initializePDFSearch(
+  doc: PDFDocumentProxy,
+): Promise<PDFSearchState> {
+  return {
+    doc,
+    searchResults: [],
+    currentResultIndex: 0,
+  };
+}
+
+async function searchPDF(
+  state: PDFSearchState,
+  query: string,
+): Promise<PDFSearchState> {
+  if (!state.doc) return state;
+
+  const searchResults: SearchResult[] = [];
+  const lowerQuery = query.toLowerCase();
+
+  for (let pageNum = 1; pageNum <= state.doc.numPages; pageNum++) {
+    const page = await state.doc.getPage(pageNum);
+    const textContent = await page.getTextContent();
+
+    let fullText = "";
+    const textItems = textContent.items.map((item) => {
+      if (typeof item === "string") return "";
+      fullText += item.str;
+      return item.str;
+    });
+
+    const pageText = textItems.join(" ");
+    const matches = findSearchMatches(pageText, lowerQuery, pageNum);
+
+    searchResults.push(...matches);
+  }
+
+  return { ...state, searchResults };
+}
+
+function findSearchMatches(
+  text: string,
+  query: string,
+  pageNumber: number,
+): SearchResult[] {
+  const matches: SearchResult[] = [];
+  const lowerText = text.toLowerCase();
+  let index = 0;
+
+  while ((index = lowerText.indexOf(query, index)) !== -1) {
+    const start = Math.max(0, index - 50);
+    const end = Math.min(text.length, index + query.length + 50);
+    const context = text.slice(start, end);
+
+    matches.push({
+      pageNumber,
+      text: text.slice(index, index + query.length),
+      index,
+      context,
+    });
+
+    index += query.length;
+  }
+
+  return matches;
+}
+
+function goToNextSearchResult(
+  state: PDFSearchState,
+): PDFSearchState & { result: SearchResult | null } {
+  if (state.searchResults.length === 0) {
+    return { ...state, result: null };
+  }
+
+  const newIndex = (state.currentResultIndex + 1) % state.searchResults.length;
+  return {
+    ...state,
+    currentResultIndex: newIndex,
+    result: state.searchResults[newIndex],
+  };
+}
+
+function goToPreviousSearchResult(
+  state: PDFSearchState,
+): PDFSearchState & { result: SearchResult | null } {
+  if (state.searchResults.length === 0) {
+    return { ...state, result: null };
+  }
+
+  const newIndex =
+    (state.currentResultIndex - 1 + state.searchResults.length) %
+    state.searchResults.length;
+  return {
+    ...state,
+    currentResultIndex: newIndex,
+    result: state.searchResults[newIndex],
+  };
+}
+
+function getSearchResultCount(state: PDFSearchState): number {
+  return state.searchResults.length;
+}
+
+function clearSearchResults(state: PDFSearchState): PDFSearchState {
+  return {
+    ...state,
+    searchResults: [],
+    currentResultIndex: 0,
+  };
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-text-selection.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-text-selection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac713fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdf-text-selection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// PDF text selection - Uses backend API for highlight creation
+// Backend handles all position calculations for PDFs
+// Procedural style: Functions, not classes
+
+interface PDFTextSelection {
+  pageNumber: number;
+  text: string;
+  rects: DOMRect[];
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Get PDF Text Selection
+// ============================================================
+
+export function getPDFTextSelection(): PDFTextSelection | null {
+  const selection = window.getSelection();
+  if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return null;
+
+  const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+  const text = range.toString();
+
+  if (!text) return null;
+
+  // Get page number from selection
+  const pageElement =
+    range.commonAncestorContainer.closest?.("[data-page-number]");
+  const pageNumber = pageElement?.dataset.pageNumber
+    ? parseInt(pageElement.dataset.pageNumber)
+    : getCurrentPDFPage();
+
+  // Get bounding rectangles
+  const rects: DOMRect[] = [];
+  for (const rect of range.getClientRects()) {
+    rects.push(rect);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    pageNumber,
+    text,
+    rects,
+  };
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Create PDF Highlight (Backend Calculates Position)
+// ============================================================
+
+export async function createPDFHighlight(
+  mediaItemId: string,
+  selection: PDFTextSelection,
+  color: string,
+): Promise<Highlight> {
+  const selectionData = {
+    selection_text: selection.text,
+    page_number: selection.pageNumber,
+    rects: selection.rects.map((rect) => ({
+      x: rect.x,
+      y: rect.y,
+      width: rect.width,
+      height: rect.height,
+    })),
+    color,
+  };
+
+  // Send to backend - backend calculates all position formats
+  const response = await fetch(`/api/media-items/${mediaItemId}/highlights`, {
+    method: "POST",
+    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    body: JSON.stringify(selectionData),
+  });
+
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`Failed to create highlight: ${response.statusText}`);
+  }
+
+  return await response.json();
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Load and Render PDF Highlights (Backend Provides Positions)
+// ============================================================
+
+export async function loadAndRenderPDFHighlights(
+  mediaItemId: string,
+  container: HTMLElement,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const response = await fetch(`/api/media-items/${mediaItemId}/highlights`);
+  if (!response.ok) return [];
+
+  const highlights: Highlight[] = await response.json();
+
+  for (const highlight of highlights) {
+    renderPDFHighlight(container, highlight);
+  }
+}
+
+function renderPDFHighlight(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  highlight: Highlight,
+): void {
+  // Backend provides position data for PDF highlights
+  // Check which position format is available
+
+  if (
+    highlight.start_position &&
+    highlight.start_position.startsWith("pdf:page:")
+  ) {
+    // Backend calculated page-based position
+    renderPDFHighlightByPosition(container, highlight);
+  } else if (highlight.percentage_start !== null) {
+    // Backend calculated percentage position
+    renderPDFHighlightByPercentage(container, highlight);
+  }
+}
+
+function renderPDFHighlightByPosition(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  highlight: Highlight,
+): void {
+  // Parse position string: "pdf:page:45:offset:123"
+  const match = highlight.start_position.match(/pdf:page:(\d+):offset:(\d+)/);
+  if (!match) return;
+
+  const pageNumber = parseInt(match[1], 10);
+  const offset = parseInt(match[2], 10);
+
+  // Find the page element
+  const pageElement = container.querySelector(
+    `[data-page-number="${pageNumber}"]`,
+  );
+  if (!pageElement) return;
+
+  // Get text content at offset
+  const textContent = pageElement.querySelector(".pdf-text-layer")?.textContent;
+  if (!textContent) return;
+
+  // Find the text at this offset
+  const textBefore = textContent.substring(0, offset);
+  const startChar = textBefore.length;
+  const endChar = startChar + (highlight.selection_text?.length || 10);
+
+  if (startChar < textContent.length && endChar <= textContent.length) {
+    applyHighlightToTextContent(
+      pageElement as HTMLElement,
+      startChar,
+      endChar,
+      highlight.color,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+function renderPDFHighlightByPercentage(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  highlight: Highlight,
+): void {
+  // Backend provides percentage - estimate position
+  const percentage = highlight.percentage_start || 0;
+
+  // Find spine item closest to this percentage
+  const totalPages = container.querySelectorAll("[data-page-number]").length;
+  const targetPage = Math.ceil(percentage * totalPages);
+
+  const pageElement = container.querySelector(
+    `[data-page-number="${targetPage}"]`,
+  );
+  if (pageElement) {
+    // Highlight entire page (coarse-grained)
+    applyHighlightStylesToElement(pageElement as HTMLElement, highlight.color);
+  }
+}
+
+function applyHighlightToTextContent(
+  element: HTMLElement,
+  startChar: number,
+  endChar: number,
+  color: string,
+): void {
+  const text = element.textContent || "";
+  const before = text.substring(0, startChar);
+  const selection = text.substring(startChar, endChar);
+  const after = text.substring(endChar);
+
+  element.textContent = before + selection + after;
+
+  // Use a mark to wrap the selected text
+  element.innerHTML = `${before}<mark style="background-color: ${addAlphaToColor(color, 0.4)}">${selection}</mark>${after}`;
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/pdfjs-wrapper.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdfjs-wrapper.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9512ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/pdfjs-wrapper.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Mozilla pdf.js integration for PDF rendering
+// Procedural style: Functions, not classes
+
+import * as pdfjsLib from "pdfjs-dist";
+
+// ============================================================
+// PDF.js Configuration
+// ============================================================
+
+export function configurePDFJS(): void {
+  pdfjsLib.GlobalWorkerOptions.workerSrc = "/static/js/pdf.worker.min.mjs";
+  pdfjsLib.GlobalWorkerOptions.standardFontDataUrl = "/static/standard_fonts/";
+  pdfjsLib.GlobalWorkerOptions.cMapUrl = "/static/cmaps/";
+  pdfjsLib.GlobalWorkerOptions.cMapPacked = true;
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// PDF Document State
+// ============================================================
+
+interface PDFDocumentState {
+  doc: pdfjsLib.PDFDocumentProxy | null;
+  pages: Map<number, pdfjsLib.PDFPageProxy>;
+  metadata: PDFMetadata | null;
+}
+
+interface PDFMetadata {
+  title: string;
+  author: string;
+  subject?: string;
+  keywords?: string;
+  creator?: string;
+  producer?: string;
+  creationDate?: Date;
+  modificationDate?: Date;
+  pageCount: number;
+}
+
+let pdfState: PDFDocumentState = {
+  doc: null,
+  pages: new Map(),
+  metadata: null,
+};
+
+// ============================================================
+// Document Loading
+// ============================================================
+
+export async function loadPDFDocument(pdfBlob: Blob): Promise<PDFMetadata> {
+  // Cleanup previous document
+  unloadPDFDocument();
+
+  const arrayBuffer = await pdfBlob.arrayBuffer();
+  const loadingTask = pdfjsLib.getDocument({
+    data: arrayBuffer,
+  });
+
+  pdfState.doc = await loadingTask.promise;
+
+  // Extract metadata
+  const metadata = await pdfState.doc.getMetadata().catch(() => null);
+  const info = metadata?.info || {};
+
+  pdfState.metadata = {
+    title: info.Title || "Untitled",
+    author: info.Author || "Unknown",
+    subject: info.Subject,
+    keywords: info.Keywords,
+    creator: info.Creator,
+    producer: info.Producer,
+    creationDate: info.CreationDate ? new Date(info.CreationDate) : undefined,
+    modificationDate: info.ModDate ? new Date(info.ModDate) : undefined,
+    pageCount: pdfState.doc.numPages,
+  };
+
+  return pdfState.metadata;
+}
+
+export async function getPDFPage(
+  pageNumber: number,
+): Promise<pdfjsLib.PDFPageProxy> {
+  if (!pdfState.doc) {
+    throw new Error("PDF document not loaded");
+  }
+
+  // Check cache
+  if (pdfState.pages.has(pageNumber)) {
+    return pdfState.pages.get(pageNumber)!;
+  }
+
+  // Load page
+  const page = await pdfState.doc.getPage(pageNumber);
+  pdfState.pages.set(pageNumber, page);
+
+  return page;
+}
+
+export async function getPDFPageText(pageNumber: number): Promise<any> {
+  const page = await getPDFPage(pageNumber);
+  return await page.getTextContent();
+}
+
+export function getPDFMetadata(): PDFMetadata | null {
+  return pdfState.metadata;
+}
+
+export function getPDFPageCount(): number {
+  return pdfState.doc?.numPages || 0;
+}
+
+export function unloadPDFDocument(): void {
+  pdfState.pages.clear();
+  pdfState.doc = null;
+  pdfState.metadata = null;
+}
+
+export function unloadPDFPage(pageNumber: number): void {
+  pdfState.pages.delete(pageNumber);
+}
diff --git a/web/src/reader/pdf/text-layer-renderer.ts b/web/src/reader/pdf/text-layer-renderer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d93014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/reader/pdf/text-layer-renderer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Text layer rendering for PDF text selection and highlighting
+// Procedural style: Functions, not classes
+
+// ============================================================
+// Render Functions
+// ============================================================
+
+export function renderTextLayer(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  viewport: any,
+  textContent: any,
+  config: TextLayerConfig,
+): void {
+  // Clear container
+  container.innerHTML = "";
+
+  // Apply styles
+  applyTextLayerStyles(container, config);
+
+  // Render text items
+  const { items } = textContent;
+
+  items.forEach((item: any, index: number) => {
+    if (typeof item === "string") return;
+
+    const textDiv = createTextDiv(item, viewport, index);
+    container.appendChild(textDiv);
+  });
+}
+
+function createTextDiv(item: any, viewport: any, index: number): HTMLElement {
+  const div = document.createElement("div");
+  div.className = "pdf-text-layer-text";
+  div.textContent = item.str;
+  div.dataset.index = index.toString();
+
+  // Position the text div
+  const tx = pdfjsLib.Util.transform(viewport.transform, item.transform);
+
+  const fontSize = Math.sqrt(tx[0] * tx[0] + tx[1] * tx[1]);
+
+  div.style.left = `${tx[4]}px`;
+  div.style.top = `${tx[5] - fontSize}px`;
+  div.style.fontSize = `${fontSize}px`;
+  div.style.fontFamily = item.fontName || "sans-serif";
+
+  // Handle text direction
+  if (item.dir === "ttb") {
+    div.style.writingMode = "vertical-rl";
+  }
+
+  return div;
+}
+
+interface TextLayerConfig {
+  theme: "light" | "sepia" | "dark" | "night" | "high-contrast";
+}
+
+function applyTextLayerStyles(
+  container: HTMLElement,
+  config: TextLayerConfig,
+): void {
+  const style = document.createElement("style");
+  style.textContent = getTextLayerCSS(config.theme);
+  container.appendChild(style);
+}
+
+function getTextLayerCSS(theme: string): string {
+  const colors = getThemeColors(theme);
+
+  return `
+    .pdf-text-layer {
+      position: absolute;
+      top: 0;
+      left: 0;
+      right: 0;
+      bottom: 0;
+      overflow: hidden;
+      opacity: 1;
+      line-height: 1;
+      -moz-user-select: none;
+      -webkit-user-select: none;
+      -ms-user-select: none;
+      user-select: none;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-text-layer-text {
+      position: absolute;
+      white-space: pre;
+      cursor: text;
+      transform-origin: 0% 0%;
+      color: transparent;
+      pointer-events: auto;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-text-layer-text::selection {
+      background: ${colors.highlight};
+      color: transparent;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-text-layer-text::-moz-selection {
+      background: ${colors.highlight};
+      color: transparent;
+    }
+
+    .pdf-highlight-overlay {
+      position: absolute;
+      background-color: ${colors.highlight};
+      mix-blend-mode: multiply;
+      pointer-events: none;
+    }
+  `;
+}
+
+function getThemeColors(theme: string): { highlight: string } {
+  const themes: Record<string, { highlight: string }> = {
+    light: { highlight: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" },
+    sepia: { highlight: "rgba(255, 200, 0, 0.4)" },
+    dark: { highlight: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.3)" },
+    night: { highlight: "rgba(100, 150, 255, 0.3)" },
+    "high-contrast": { highlight: "rgba(255, 255, 0, 0.5)" },
+  };
+
+  return themes[theme] || themes["dark"];
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// Selection Functions
+// ============================================================
+
+export function getPDFTextSelection(): { text: string; range: Range } | null {
+  const selection = window.getSelection();
+  if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return null;
+
+  const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+  const text = range.toString();
+
+  if (!text) return null;
+
+  return { text, range };
+}
+
+export function getPDFSelectionRects(): DOMRect[] {
+  const selection = window.getSelection();
+  if (!selection || selection.rangeCount === 0) return [];
+
+  const rects: DOMRect[] = [];
+  const range = selection.getRangeAt(0);
+
+  for (const rect of range.getClientRects()) {
+    rects.push(rect);
+  }
+
+  return rects;
+}